compression to ventilation ratio child 2 rescuer

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11-10-2024

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Understanding Compression to Ventilation Ratio for Two-Rescuer CPR in Children

When a child's heart stops beating, immediate action is crucial. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving technique that can help keep oxygen flowing to the brain until emergency medical services arrive. But how do you effectively perform CPR on a child with two rescuers? A key factor in this process is understanding the compression to ventilation ratio.

What is Compression to Ventilation Ratio?

The compression to ventilation ratio refers to the number of chest compressions performed compared to the number of breaths delivered during CPR. This ratio is critical because it ensures a balance between providing oxygen and circulating blood throughout the body.

The Recommended Ratio for Two-Rescuer CPR in Children

According to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, the recommended compression to ventilation ratio for two-rescuer CPR in children is 15:2 (American Heart Association, 2020). This means for every 15 chest compressions, two breaths should be given.

Why 15:2?

This ratio has been chosen based on research that shows it provides the most effective blood circulation while also supplying adequate oxygen to the child's brain. The higher number of compressions ensures efficient blood flow, while the two breaths maintain oxygen levels.

How to Perform Two-Rescuer CPR on a Child:

1. Call 911 immediately. This should be the first step in any emergency.
2. Check for responsiveness. Gently shake the child's shoulders and ask, "Are you okay?" If there's no response, proceed to the next step.
3. Check for breathing. Look, listen, and feel for breathing. If the child is not breathing or breathing ineffectively, start CPR.
4. Position the child. Lay the child on a firm surface, preferably on their back.
5. One rescuer performs compressions. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the child's chest, just below the nipple line. Place the other hand on top of the first, interlacing your fingers. Compressions should be performed at a rate of 100-120 per minute.
6. The second rescuer provides ventilations. Tilt the child's head back slightly and lift the chin. Give two breaths through a face mask or mouth-to-mouth, making sure to watch for the chest rising.
7. Continue the 15:2 ratio. Switch roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue.

Practical Example:

Imagine a child is unconscious and not breathing. Two adults are present.

• Rescuer 1: Starts chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute.
• Rescuer 2: Provides two breaths after every 15 compressions.
• They continue this cycle until help arrives.

Important Notes:

• Deep compressions are essential. The chest should be compressed about 1/3 the depth of the chest for a child.
• Proper hand placement is crucial. Ensure the heel of your hand is placed on the center of the chest, not on the ribs.
• Avoid excessive ventilation. Too much air can cause the stomach to inflate, making it difficult to perform compressions.

Conclusion:

Understanding and applying the correct compression to ventilation ratio during CPR is crucial for a child's survival. The 15:2 ratio for two-rescuer CPR in children ensures the best possible chance for a positive outcome. Remember to stay calm, follow the guidelines, and keep performing CPR until medical help arrives.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or questions.

References:

• American Heart Association. (2020). 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 142, S460-S603.