based on or based upon

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14-10-2024

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The Subtle Difference: "Based On" vs. "Based Upon"

When writing, it's easy to slip into the habit of using "based on" and "based upon" interchangeably. While both phrases convey a sense of foundation or origin, they have nuanced differences that can impact the clarity and formality of your writing.

What does "based on" mean?

"Based on" indicates that something is derived from or founded upon something else. It implies a direct relationship between the two elements.

For example:

• "The movie is based on a true story." (The movie's plot and characters are derived from real-life events.)

What does "based upon" mean?

"Based upon" is a more formal and archaic version of "based on". It conveys the same meaning but with a slightly more elevated tone.

For example:

• "The scientific study was based upon extensive research and data analysis." (The study relied heavily on research and data, suggesting a more thorough and rigorous process.)

When to use which phrase?

Generally, "based on" is the preferred choice in most contexts, especially in informal writing. It's concise and conveys the intended meaning effectively.

However, "based upon" might be appropriate in formal writing, academic papers, or legal documents where a more elevated and precise language is preferred.

Beyond the basics: Understanding the nuances

While the distinction between "based on" and "based upon" may seem minor, it reflects a broader principle in writing: choosing the most precise and impactful language for your audience and context.

Consider these examples:

• "The article was based on interviews with several experts." This sentence is clear and concise, appropriate for a casual blog post or news article.
• "The legal argument was based upon the principles of precedent and legal interpretation." This sentence uses "based upon" to emphasize the formal and legal context of the argument, making it suitable for a legal brief or scholarly article.

Conclusion:

While both "based on" and "based upon" indicate a source or foundation, "based on" is generally preferred for its simplicity and clarity. "Based upon" might be more appropriate in formal or elevated contexts. By understanding the nuances between these phrases, you can choose the most effective language to communicate your ideas precisely and effectively.